TRPG Motivation Scale Development

Goals & Overview
Tabletop role-playing games (TRPGs) have evolved into various forms since their emergence. Once considered a niche hobby, TRPGs have become increasingly mainstream, with a growing economic impact (Tabletop Games Market…, 2025) and ongoing efforts to promote inclusivity and cultural sensitivity within both game content and player communities (Trammell & Garcia, 2024). Research has also identified educational, therapeutic, and social benefits associated with TRPG participation (Deterding & Zagal, 2018). Despite growing scholarly interest in these meaningful outcomes, research on TRPGs from a media psychology perspective remains limited.
One important gap is the absence of a validated motivational scale designed for TRPG play. Existing motivational measures have been developed for related digital genres such as massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) and computer role-playing games (CRPGs) (Tychsen et al., 2008; Yee, 2006), but TRPGs involve unique forms of social interaction, collaborative storytelling, identity exploration, and creative expression that may not be adequately captured by these instruments. Without a measure of player motivation, researchers are limited in their ability to examine why individuals engage with TRPGs and how those motivations relate to the outcomes associated with play.
This project seeks to develop a TRPG Motivation Scale for media psychologists and game researchers.
Study 1
Study 1 is an exploratory survey that examines current (2023-2025) TRPG player demographics and develops a TRPG Motivation Scale. The Motivation Scale includes five factors: Character Embodiment (9 items), Character Optimization (7 items), Escapism (4 items), Socialization (3 items), and Leadership (3 items). This study will be presented at NCA's 112th Annual Convention in New Orleans.
Data
The dataset for Study 1 (The Demographics and Motivations of Tabletop Role-Playing Games) is publicly available on Zenodo. The repository includes the study data and supporting documentation to facilitate transparency, replication, and future research.
Future Plans
Study 2 will seek to improve the current TRPG Motivation Scale. A survey to validate the improved scale will begin distribution in mid-2027. If you wish to help distribute the survey or to be notified when the full scale is validated and published, please fill out the linked contact form.
Timeline
TRPG Player Survey (Study 1)
Dec. 2023 - March 2025
TRPG Demographic and Motivation Survey. Resulting in n=527 respondents being analyzed for the first draft of the TRPG Motivation Scale.
Datset Uploaded to Zenodo
Sept. 29, 2026
The dataset for Study 1 (TRPG Demographics and Motivations) uploaded to Zenodo.
Meaningful Play Workshop
Oct. 13, 2026
A workshop at Meaningful Play (hosted at Carnegie Mellon University) designed as an interactive, community-driven session for developing scale-items to improve and expand on the TRPG Motivation Scale.
Present Study 1 @ NCA
Nov. 19 - 23, 2026
Presenting a Demographic and Motivation Survey of the TRPG community at the National Communication Association's 112th Annual Convention, in the Game Studies Division Top Papers Session.
